ISTANBUL/WASHINGTON: Turkey and the United States are working on plans to provide air cover for Syrian rebels and jointly sweep ISIS fighters from a strip of land along the Turkish border, bolstering the NATO member’s security and providing a safe haven for civilians.

Long a reluctant member of the U.S.-led coalition against ISIS, Turkey last week made a dramatic turnaround by granting the alliance access to its air bases and bombarding targets in Syria linked to the militant movement.

Struggling with more than 1.8 million Syrian refugees, Turkey has long campaigned for a “no-fly zone” in northern Syria to keep ISIS and Kurdish militants from its border and help stem the tide of displaced civilians trying to cross.

While no such formal arrangement has been struck with Washington, Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoglu said the two allies saw eye to eye on the need to provide air cover for moderate Syrian rebels fighting ISIS.

“What we have now is air coverage to clear a region from ISIS and support the moderate opposition so they can gain control of that region,” Davutoglu told Turkey’s ATV in an interview broadcast live.

“We do not want to see ISIS on Turkey’s borders.”

In Washington, U.S. officials said discussions were ongoing about the size and scope of a safe zone along the border, which would be cleared of ISIS fighters and allow moderate rebels to operate freely.

“The goal is to establish an ISIL-free zone and ensure greater security and stability along Turkey’s border with Syria,” a senior Obama administration official said, speaking on condition of anonymity. ISIL is an alternate acronym for ISIS. U.S. officials ruled out the joint imposition of a formal no-fly zone.

But in the absence of a no-fly zone to neutralize Assad’s warplanes, it is not clear how the possible buffer zone may be considered a safe haven where displaced people could return. 

NATO will hold a rare emergency meeting to discuss security Tuesday at Turkey’s request. Ankara is expected to brief its allies on the measures it is taking but did not request any air or troop support during preparations for the meeting, according to two people with knowledge of the discussions.

“Turkey has a very strong army and very strong security forces so there has been no request for any substantial NATO military support,” NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg told the BBC.

Alongside its action in Syria, Turkey launched a second night of airstrikes on Kurdish insurgent camps in Iraq Sunday, part of what a senior Turkish official described as a “full-fledged battle against all terrorist organizations.”

The renewed military campaign against the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK), which has waged a three-decade insurgency against the Turkish state partly from camps in northern Iraq, has raised suspicions that Turkey’s real agenda is checking Kurdish territorial ambitions rather than fighting ISIS.

Ankara is concerned that the success in northern Syria of the Kurdish YPG militia, which has pushed back ISIS with the help of U.S.-led airstrikes, will stoke separatist sentiment among its own Kurds and embolden the PKK.

Turkey’s Kurds say that by reviving open conflict with the PKK, President Tayyip Erdogan is seeking to undermine support for the pro-Kurdish opposition ahead of a possible early election and stoke up nationalist sentiment.

Highlighting the precarious path Ankara is treading as it simultaneously battles ISIS in Syria and Kurdish insurgents in Iraq, the YPG Monday accused the Turkish army of shelling its positions in a village on the outskirts of the ISIS-held border town of Jarablus.

A senior Turkish official confirmed that the Turkish army had shot back after it came under fire from across the border Sunday, but said it was unclear which group was involved and stressed that the YPG was not a target.

“The ongoing military operation seeks to neutralize imminent threats to Turkey’s national security and continues to target ISIS in Syria and the PKK in Iraq,” the official said, adding that Ankara was investigating.

“The PYD [the political wing of the YPG], along with others, remains outside the scope of the current military effort.”

The YPG made further gains against ISIS in northern Syria Monday, capturing a town near the Euphrates River after a monthlong offensive aimed at cutting their supply lines, the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, which monitors the conflict, and YPG spokesman Redur Xelil said.

The PYD has emerged as the only notable partner so far on the ground for the U.S.-led alliance as it fights ISIS in northern Syria.

But the Kurdish group has links to the PKK, considered a terrorist organization by Turkey, the European Union and the United States. The two share not only ideology but fighters, with the PKK drawing Syrian Kurdish fighters to its camps in northern Iraq and Turkish Kurds among the PYD ranks. That has made for an uneasy compromise between Washington and Ankara.

Davutoglu was quoted in the Hurriyet newspaper as saying the PYD could “have a place in the new Syria” if it did not disturb Turkey, cut all relations with the administration of Syrian President Bashar Assad and cooperated with opposition forces.

Washington has reiterated that it labels the PKK as a terrorist organization and stressed that it respects Turkey’s right to take action against the militant group.

Turkish security forces have rounded up 1,050 suspected members of ISIS, Kurdish militants and ultra-leftists in recent days, Davutoglu said, adding 50-60 of them were foreigners. Local media reports said the vast majority were Kurdish and leftists, not members of ISIS.